详解
安装
pip install openpyxl
打开文件
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创建
from openpyxl import Workbook # 实例化 wb = Workbook() # 激活 worksheet ws = wb.active
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打开已有
from openpyxl import load_workbook wb2 = load_workbook('文件名称.xlsx')
储存数据
# 方式一：数据可以直接分配到单元格中(可以输入公式)ws['A1'] = 42# 方式二：可以附加行，从第一列开始附加(从最下方空白处，最左开始)(可以输入多行)ws.append([1, 2, 3])# 方式三：Python 类型会被自动转换ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") 创建表（sheet）
# 方式一：插入到最后(default)>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # 方式二：插入到最开始的位置>>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) 选择表（sheet）
# sheet 名称可以作为 key 进行索引>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]>>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name("New Title")>>> ws is ws3 is ws4True 查看表名（sheet）
# 显示所有表名>>> print(wb.sheetnames)['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']# 遍历所有表>>> for sheet in wb:... print(sheet.title)
访问单元格（call）
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单一单元格访问
# 方法一 >>> c = ws['A4'] # 方法二：row 行；column 列 >>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10) # 方法三：只要访问就创建 >>> for i in range(1,101): ... for j in range(1,101): ... ws.cell(row=i, column=j)
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多单元格访问
# 通过切片>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']# 通过行(列)>>> colC = ws['C']>>> col_range = ws['C:D']>>> row10 = ws[10]>>> row_range = ws[5:10]# 通过指定范围(行 → 行)>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):... for cell in row:... print(cell)
# 通过指定范围(列 → 列)>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):... for cell in row:... print(cell) | # 遍历所有 方法一>>> ws = wb.active>>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'>>> tuple(ws.rows)(( | , | , | ),( | , | , | ),...( | , | , | ),( | , | , | ))# 遍历所有 方法二>>> tuple(ws.columns)(( | , | , | ,... | , | , | ),( | ,... | , | )) |
保存数据
>>> wb.save('文件名称.xlsx') 改变 sheet 标签按钮颜色
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
获取最大行，最大列
# 获得最大列和最大行print(sheet.max_row)print(sheet.max_column)
获取每一行，每一列
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sheet.rows为生成器, 里面是每一行的数据，每一行又由一个tuple包裹。
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sheet.columns类似，不过里面是每个tuple是每一列的单元格。
# 因为按行，所以返回A1, B1, C1这样的顺序 for row in sheet.rows: for cell in row: print(cell.value) # A1, A2, A3这样的顺序 for column in sheet.columns: for cell in column: print(cell.value)
根据数字得到字母，根据字母得到数字
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string# 根据列的数字返回字母print(get_column_letter(2)) # B# 根据字母返回列的数字print(column_index_from_string('D')) # 4 删除工作表
# 方式一wb.remove(sheet)# 方式二del wb[sheet]
矩阵置换（行 → 列）
rows = [ ['Number', 'data1', 'data2'], [2, 40, 30], [3, 40, 25], [4, 50, 30], [5, 30, 10], [6, 25, 5], [7, 50, 10]]list(zip(*rows))# out[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50), ('data2', 30, 25, 30, 10, 5, 10)]# 注意 方法会舍弃缺少数据的列(行)rows = [ ['Number', 'data1', 'data2'], [2, 40 ], # 这里少一个数据 [3, 40, 25], [4, 50, 30], [5, 30, 10], [6, 25, 5], [7, 50, 10],]# out[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50)] 单元格样式
from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors, Alignment# 下面的代码指定了等线24号，加粗斜体，字体颜色红色。直接使用cell的font属性，将Font对象赋值给它。bold_itatic_24_font = Font(name='等线', size=24, italic=True, color=colors.RED, bold=True)sheet['A1'].font = bold_itatic_24_font
对齐方式
也是直接使用cell的属性aligment，这里指定垂直居中和水平居中。除了center，还可以使用right、left等等参数。# 设置B1中的数据垂直居中和水平居中sheet['B1'].alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
设置行高和列宽
# 第2行行高sheet.row_dimensions[2].height = 40# C列列宽sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30
合并和拆分单元格
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所谓合并单元格，即以合并区域的左上角的那个单元格为基准，覆盖其他单元格使之称为一个大的单元格。
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相反，拆分单元格后将这个大单元格的值返回到原来的左上角位置。
# 合并单元格， 往左上角写入数据即可 sheet.merge_cells('B1:G1') # 合并一行中的几个单元格 sheet.merge_cells('A1:C3') # 合并一个矩形区域中的单元格 -
合并后只可以往左上角写入数据，也就是区间中:左边的坐标。
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如果这些要合并的单元格都有数据，只会保留左上角的数据，其他则丢弃。换句话说若合并前不是在左上角写入数据，合并后单元格中不会有数据。
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以下是拆分单元格的代码。拆分后，值回到A1位置。
sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:C3')
小案例
import datetimefrom random import choicefrom time import timefrom openpyxl import load_workbookfrom openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter# 设置文件 mingcaddr = "openpyxl.xlsx"# 打开文件wb = load_workbook(addr)# 创建一张新表ws = wb.create_sheet()# 第一行输入ws.append(['TIME', 'TITLE', 'A-Z'])# 输入内容（500行数据）for i in range(500): TIME = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S") TITLE = str(time()) A_Z = get_column_letter(choice(range(1, 50))) ws.append([TIME, TITLE, A_Z])# 获取最大行row_max = ws.max_row# 获取最大列con_max = ws.max_column# 把上面写入内容打印在控制台for j in ws.rows: # we.rows 获取每一行数据 for n in j: print(n.value, end="t") # n.value 获取单元格的值 print()# 保存，save（必须要写文件名（绝对地址）默认 py 同级目录下，只支持 xlsx 格式）wb.save(addr) 案例
1、 安装
pip install openpyxl想要在文件中插入图片文件，需要安装pillow，安装文件：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe · font(字体类)：字号、字体颜色、下划线等· fill(填充类)：颜色等· border(边框类)：设置单元格边框· alignment(位置类)：对齐方式· number_format(格式类)：数据格式· protection(保护类)：写保护
2、 创建一个excel 文件，并写入不同类的内容
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookwb = Workbook() #创建文件对象# grab the active worksheetws = wb.active #获取第一个sheet# Data can be assigned directly to cellsws['A1'] = 42 #写入数字ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #写入中文（unicode中文也可）# Rows can also be appendedws.append([1, 2, 3]) #写入多个单元格# Python types will automatically be convertedimport datetimeimport timews['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() #写入一个当前时间#写入一个自定义的时间格式ws['A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒",time.localtime())# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 3、 创建sheet
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookwb = Workbook()ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheetws1["A1"]=123.11ws1["B2"]="你好"d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)print ws1["A1"].valueprint ws1["B2"].valueprint d.value# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 4、 操作单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookwb = Workbook()ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheetws1["A1"]=123.11ws1["B2"]="你好"d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)print ws1["A1"].valueprint ws1["B2"].valueprint d.value# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 操作批量的单元格
无论ws.rows还是ws.iter_rows都是一个对象
除上述两个对象外 单行，单列都是一个元祖，多行多列是二维元祖
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookwb = Workbook()ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheetws1["A1"]=1ws1["A2"]=2ws1["A3"]=3ws1["B1"]=4ws1["B2"]=5ws1["B3"]=6ws1["C1"]=7ws1["C2"]=8ws1["C3"]=9#操作单列print ws1["A"]for cell in ws1["A"]: print cell.value#操作多列,获取每一个值print ws1["A:C"]for column in ws1["A:C"]: for cell in column: print cell.value#操作多行row_range = ws1[1:3]print row_rangefor row in row_range: for cell in row: print cell.valueprint "*"*50for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3): for cell in row: print cell.value#获取所有行print ws1.rowsfor row in ws1.rows: print rowprint "*"*50#获取所有列print ws1.columnsfor col in ws1.columns: print colwb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 使用百分数
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl import load_workbookwb = load_workbook('e:sample.xlsx')wb.guess_types = True # 如果等于False 结果会打印百分数ws=wb.activews["D1"]="12%"print ws["D1"].value# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx")#结果会打印小数 获取所有的行对象(常用于按行读excel)
from openpyxl import load_workbookwb = load_workbook('1.xlsx')ws = wb.activefor row in ws.iter_rows(): print(tuple(map(lambda x: x.value, row))) # for i in row: # print(i.value) 获取所有的列对象(常用于按列读excel)
from openpyxl import load_workbookwb = load_workbook('1.xlsx')ws = wb.activefor row in ws.iter_cols(): print(tuple(map(lambda x: x.value, row))) 操作已经存在的文件(修改内容)
from openpyxl import load_workbookwb = load_workbook('1.xlsx')wb.guess_types = True # 猜测格式类型ws = wb.activeprint(ws['C2'])ws["D1"] = "12%" # 直接修改wb.save("1.xlsx")# 注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标，则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失 单元格类型
from openpyxl import load_workbookimport datetimewb = load_workbook('1.xlsx')ws = wb.activewb.guess_types = Truews["A1"] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)print(ws["A1"].number_format)ws["A2"] = "12%"print(ws["A2"].number_format)ws["A3"] = 1.1print(ws["A4"].number_format)ws["A4"] = "中国"print(ws["A5"].number_format)# Save the filewb.save("1.xlsx")#如果是常规，显示general,如果是数字，显示'0.00_ '，如果是百分数显示0%# 数字需要在Excel中设置数字类型，直接写入的数字是常规类型 使用公式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl import load_workbookwb = load_workbook('e:sample.xlsx')ws1=wb.activews1["A1"]=1ws1["A2"]=2ws1["A3"]=3ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"print(ws1["A4"].value) #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值print(ws1["A5"].value) #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 合并单元格
需要先安装Pilow
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import load_workbookfrom openpyxl.drawing.image import Imagewb = load_workbook('e:sample.xlsx')ws1=wb.activeimg = Image('e:1.png')ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 隐藏单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import load_workbookfrom openpyxl.drawing.image import Imagewb = load_workbook('e:sample.xlsx')ws1=wb.activews1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) #隐藏a到d列范围内的列#ws1.row_dimensions 无group方法# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 设定一个表格区域，并设定表格的格式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import load_workbookfrom openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfowb = Workbook()ws = wb.activedata = [ ['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000], ['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000], ['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000], ['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700],]# add column headings. NB. these must be stringsws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])for row in data: ws.append(row)tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5")# Add a default style with striped rows and banded columnsstyle = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True, showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True)#第一列是否和样式第一行颜色一行，第二列是否···#是否隔行换色，是否隔列换色tab.tableStyleInfo = stylews.add_table(tab)# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 给单元格设定字体颜色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import colorsfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activea1 = ws['A1']d4 = ws['D4']ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色a1.font = ftd4.font = ft# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::#italic 倾斜字体a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1a1.value = "abc"# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 设定字体和大小
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import colorsfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activea1 = ws['A1']d4 = ws['D4']a1.value = "abc"from openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom copy import copyft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象ft2.name = "Tahoma"print ft1.nameprint ft2.nameprint ft2.size # copied from thea1.font = ft1# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 设定行和列的字体
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activecol = ws.column_dimensions['A']col.font = Font(bold=True) #将A列设定为粗体row = ws.row_dimensions[1]row.font = Font(underline="single") #将第一行设定为下划线格式# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFillwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activehighlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)print dir(ws["A1"])ws["A1"].style =highlight# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 常用的样式和属性设置
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontfrom openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFillfrom openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activeft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑', size=11, bold=False, italic=False, vertAlign=None, underline='none', strike=False, color='FF000000')fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid", start_color='FFEEFFFF', end_color='FF001100')#边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']#diagonal 表示对角线bd = Border(left=Side(border_, color='FF001000'), right=Side(border_, color='FF110000'), top=Side(border_, color='FF110000'), bottom=Side(border_, color='FF110000'), diagonal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), diagonal_direction=0, outline=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), vertical=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), horizontal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF110000') )alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general', vertical='bottom', text_rotation=0, wrap_text=False, shrink_to_fit=False, indent=0)number_format = 'General'protection = Protection(locked=True, hidden=False)ws["B5"].font = ftws["B5"].fill =fillws["B5"].border = bdws["B5"].alignment = alignmentws["B5"].number_format = number_formatws["B5"].value ="zeke"# Save the filewb.save("e:sample.xlsx") 插入图片
from openpyxl import load_workbookfrom openpyxl.drawing.image import Imagewb = load_workbook('1.xlsx')ws1 = wb.activeimg = Image(r'C:UsersEDYDesktop1654138574(1).jpg')img.width, img.height = 50, 50ws1.add_image(img, 'F1')# 第2行行高ws1.row_dimensions[2].height = 40# C列列宽ws1.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30wb.save("1.xlsx") 样式详解
字体样式
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Fontwb = Workbook()ws = wb.active# 默认字体样式ws["A1"] = "A1"# 自定义字体样式ws["B2"] = "B2"font = Font( name="微软雅黑", # 字体 size=15, # 字体大小 color="0000FF", # 字体颜色，用16进制rgb表示 bold=True, # 是否加粗，True/False italic=True, # 是否斜体，True/False strike=None, # 是否使用删除线，True/False underline=None, # 下划线, 可选'singleAccounting', 'double', 'single', 'doubleAccounting')ws["B2"].font = fontwb.save("./test.xlsx") 行列宽高
from openpyxl import Workbookwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activews.row_dimensions[2].height = 30 # 设置第2行高度为30ws.column_dimensions["B"].width = 30 # 设置B列宽度为30wb.save("./test.xlsx") 对齐方式
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Border, Sidewb = Workbook()ws = wb.activews["B2"] = "B2"side = Side( , # 边框样式，可选dashDot、dashDotDot、dashed、dotted、double、hair、medium、mediumDashDot、mediumDashDotDot、mediumDashed、slantDashDot、thick、thin color="ff66dd", # 边框颜色，16进制rgb表示)ws["B2"].border = Border( top=side, # 上 bottom=side, # 下 left=side, # 左 right=side, # 右 diagonal=side # 对角线)wb.save("./test.xlsx") 边框
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Border, Sidewb = Workbook()ws = wb.activews["B2"] = "B2"side = Side( , # 边框样式，可选dashDot、dashDotDot、dashed、dotted、double、hair、medium、mediumDashDot、mediumDashDotDot、mediumDashed、slantDashDot、thick、thin color="ff66dd", # 边框颜色，16进制rgb表示)ws["B2"].border = Border( top=side, # 上 bottom=side, # 下 left=side, # 左 right=side, # 右 diagonal=side # 对角线)wb.save("./test.xlsx") 填充和渐变
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, GradientFillwb = Workbook()ws = wb.activews["B2"] = "B2"fill = PatternFill( patternType="solid", # 填充类型，可选none、solid、darkGray、mediumGray、lightGray、lightDown、lightGray、lightGrid fgColor="F562a4", # 前景色，16进制rgb bgColor="0000ff", # 背景色，16进制rgb # fill_type=None, # 填充类型 # start_color=None, # 前景色，16进制rgb # end_color=None # 背景色，16进制rgb)ws["B2"].fill = fillws["B3"].fill = GradientFill( degree=60, # 角度 stop=("000000", "FFFFFF") # 渐变颜色，16进制rgb)wb.save("./test.xlsx") 案例
from openpyxl import Workbookfrom openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, colors, borders, Font, Alignmentclass ExportExcel(object): '''导出excel''' def __init__(self): self._wb = Workbook() self._border = Border( # 边框 top=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK), bottom=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK), left=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK), right=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK) ) self._font = Font(bold=True, size=10) # 字体 self._alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center') # 居中 def jibenxinxi(self): '''基本信息''' sheet = self._wb.create_sheet('基本信息', 0) for index, row in enumerate(sheet['A1:L16']): sheet.row_dimensions[index + 1].height = 35 # 行高 for info in row: info.border = self._border info.alignment = self._alignment info.font = self._font info.alignment = self._alignment sheet.merge_cells('A1:L1') sheet['A1'] = '教员基本情况' sheet['A2'] = '姓名' sheet.merge_cells('A2:C2') sheet['D2'] = 'xx' sheet.merge_cells('D2:F2') sheet['G2'] = '性别' sheet['H2'] = 'xx' sheet['I2'] = '民族' sheet['J2'] = 'xx' sheet['K2'] = '籍贯' sheet['L2'] = 'xx' # ---------------------------------------- sheet['A3'] = '出生年月' sheet.merge_cells('A3:C3') sheet['D3'] = 'xx' sheet.merge_cells('D3:F3') sheet['G3'] = '工作年月' sheet['H3'] = 'xx' sheet['I3'] = '任教年月' sheet['J3'] = 'xx' sheet['K3'] = '出生地' sheet['L3'] = 'xx' # -------------------------------------- sheet['A4'] = '人员类型' sheet.merge_cells('A4:C4') sheet['D4'] = 'xx' sheet.merge_cells('D4:F4') sheet['G4'] = '职务' sheet['H4'] = 'xx' sheet['I4'] = '政治面貌' sheet['J4'] = 'xx' sheet['K4'] = '婚姻状况' sheet['L4'] = 'xx' self._wb.save(r'C:UsersEDYDesktop1.xlsx')# r = ExportExcel()# r.jibenxinxi()
